When sleep apnoea is confirmed, the aim of treatment is to keep the airway open during sleep so breathing is steady and sleep is restorative. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a widely used first-line treatment for moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnoea, and is sometimes used for milder cases.

How CPAP works

A small machine delivers a gentle, continuous stream of air through a mask worn over the nose or nose and mouth. The air pressure acts as a splint, preventing the throat from collapsing. It does not breathe for you; it keeps the airway open.

Getting used to it

Most people need a period of adjustment. Common issues include a mask that does not fit well, air leaks, dryness of the nose or mouth, a feeling of pressure, or difficulty falling asleep with the mask. Many problems can be solved with a different mask size or style, humidification, adjusting pressure settings under medical guidance, and using it consistently, including for naps. Regular use is what produces the benefit, so report problems rather than giving up.

Other parts of the treatment plan

  • Weight management where relevant
  • Avoiding alcohol and sedatives close to bedtime
  • Positional advice, for those whose apnoea is worse on the back
  • Treating nasal blockage or allergies
  • In selected people, oral appliances or surgical options may be discussed by the treating team

What follow-up looks like

Doctors usually check how well you tolerate treatment, whether symptoms such as sleepiness have improved, and whether the settings still suit you. Treatment decisions follow a proper sleep assessment — do not buy or adjust machine pressure on your own.

Drowsy driving remains dangerous until sleepiness is under control. Do not drive if you feel dangerously sleepy.
Patient sources: NHLBI — Sleep apnoea treatment ↗ and NHLBI — Sleep apnoea ↗

Frequently asked questions

Do I have to use CPAP for life?

It depends on the cause and your circumstances. Some people benefit from long-term use; others, for instance after significant weight loss, may need it less. Your doctor reviews this over time.

Can I use CPAP if my nose is blocked?

Nasal problems can make CPAP uncomfortable, but they are often manageable. Tell your doctor, as different masks, humidification or treating the nose may help.

This article is general education and does not replace an examination, diagnosis or treatment plan.